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          CentOS6.x 下 /etc/security/limits.conf 被改错的故障经历
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      <time title="创建时间：2016-12-17 11:51:20" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2016-12-17T11:51:20+08:00">2016-12-17</time>
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      <time title="修改时间：2025-10-10 15:39:55" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2025-10-10T15:39:55+08:00">2025-10-10</time>
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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h1 id="Intro"><a href="#Intro" class="headerlink" title="Intro"></a>Intro</h1><p>我司本小厂，每个员工都是身兼数职，所以开发人员直接登录线上服务器改东西是常态。有些开发人员，自持水平较高（的确水平也是较高，但缺乏对系统的敬畏），所以总是越俎代庖，改一些本身应该是线上运维人员改动的配置。本文提到的 <strong>&#x2F;etc&#x2F;security&#x2F;limits.conf</strong> 两次改错导致的事故，皆是因为于此。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h1 id="In-details"><a href="#In-details" class="headerlink" title="In details"></a>In details</h1><h2 id="The-first-time"><a href="#The-first-time" class="headerlink" title="The first time"></a>The first time</h2><p>第一次是在 &#x2F;etc&#x2F;security&#x2F;limits.conf 中加了两句：</p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">*	soft	nofile	unlimited</span><br><span class="line">*	hard	nofile	unlimited</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>结果就是：<br>所有用户无法登录。一登录，马上被踢出来。</p>
<p>最后解决方法：<br>单用户进系统把文件 &#x2F;etc&#x2F;security&#x2F;limits.conf 改回来。</p>
<p>原因：<br>配置文件 &#x2F;etc&#x2F;security&#x2F;limits.conf 中 nofile 的参数，只支持数字，”unlimited” 显然系统不认。</p>
<h2 id="The-second-time"><a href="#The-second-time" class="headerlink" title="The second time"></a>The second time</h2><p>第二次也是在 &#x2F;etc&#x2F;security&#x2F;limits.conf 中加了两句：</p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">root	soft	nofile	2000000</span><br><span class="line">root	hard	nofile	2000000</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>结果是：</p>
<ul>
<li>root 用户一登录，就被踢</li>
<li>普通用户可登录，但 <code>sudo su -</code> 一切成 root 马上会被踢（但普通用户只支持 <code>sudo su -</code>）</li>
</ul>
<p>解决方法：<br>像前面文章 <a href="/2016/11/%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%8F%90%E6%9D%83%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E6%BC%94%E7%BB%83/">一次本地提权的实战演练</a> 有提到的:</p>
<ol>
<li>普通用户登录</li>
<li>用 DirtyCow（脏牛）本地提权</li>
<li>然后把 &#x2F;etc&#x2F;security&#x2F;limits.conf 改回去。</li>
</ol>
<p>原因：</p>
<ol>
<li>配置文件 &#x2F;etc&#x2F;security&#x2F;limits.conf 中 nofile 的参数，其最大值不能大于 kernel 参数 NR_OPEN 的限制</li>
<li>而 kernel 2.6.32 里，NR_OPEN 的值缺省为 1024*1024&#x3D;1048576</li>
<li>这里的 2000000&gt;1048576，所以出错被踢</li>
</ol>
<p>稍稍延展一下，如果我一定要将 nofile 参数设置为 2000000呢？<br>其实这也有办法，提高 kernel 里 NR_OPEN 的值即可，具体方法是：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[[ ! -e /etc/sysctl.d ]] &amp;&amp; <span class="built_in">mkdir</span> /etc/sysctl.d;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> <span class="string">&quot;fs.nr_open = 2000000&quot;</span> &gt; /etc/sysctl.d/nr_open.conf;</span><br><span class="line">sysctl -w fs.nr_open=2000000;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><p>总而言之，言而总之：Linux 下配置文件 &#x2F;etc&#x2F;security&#x2F;limits.conf 文件不要随意改动。我其实还是倾向于在启动服务的启动脚本里手工用 ulimit 命令来设置相关参数而不要直接在 &#x2F;etc&#x2F;security&#x2F;limits.conf 文件里改。</p>

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